Bacteria

Resistance of the Enterobacteriaceae to antibiotics, especially of the β lactam type, is increasingly dominated by the mobilization of continuously expressed single genes that encode efficient drug modifying enzymes. Strong and ubiquitous selection pressure has seemingly been accompanied by a shift from “natural” resistance, such as inducible chromosomal enzymes, membrane impermeability, and drug efflux, to the modern paradigm of mobile gene pools that largely determine the epidemiology of modern antibiotic resistance. In this way, antibiotic resistance is more available than ever before to organisms such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae that are important causes of major sepsis. Modulation of the phenotype by host bacteria makes gene transmission less obvious and may in part explain why tracking and control of carbapenem resistance has been particularly problematic in the Enterobacteriaceae. This review discusses the underlying principles and clinical implications of the mobility and fixation of resistance genes and the exploitable opportunities and potential threats arising from apparent limitations on diversity in these mobile gene pools. It also provides some illustrative paradoxes and clinical corollaries, as well as a summary of future options.  

Biologists discover how bacteria sense light and move towards it: the entire single-cell organism focuses light like a tiny eyeball.  

Resistance of the Enterobacteriaceae to antibiotics, especially of the β lactam type, is increasingly dominated by the mobilization of continuously expressed single genes that encode efficient drug modifying enzymes. Strong and ubiquitous selection pressure has seemingly been accompanied by a shift from “natural” resistance, such as inducible chromosomal enzymes, membrane impermeability, and drug efflux, to the modern paradigm of mobile gene pools that largely determine the epidemiology of modern antibiotic resistance. In this way, antibiotic resistance is more available than ever before to organisms such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae that are important causes of major sepsis. Modulation of the phenotype by host bacteria makes gene transmission less obvious and may in part explain why tracking and control of carbapenem resistance has been particularly problematic in the Enterobacteriaceae. This review discusses the underlying principles and clinical implications of the mobility and fixation of resistance genes and the exploitable opportunities and potential threats arising from apparent limitations on diversity in these mobile gene pools. It also provides some illustrative paradoxes and clinical corollaries, as well as a summary of future options.  

Differences among alcoholics in who develops severe liver damage and who doesn't might be partly due to differences in their gut microbes, suggests a new study.  

The inadvertent transfer of micro-organisms such as bacteria to a patient's wound site during surgery can result in a wound infection that is commonly called a surgical site infection (SSI). SSIs are one of the most common forms of health care-associated infections for surgical patients. Around 1 in 20 surgical patients develop an SSI in hospital, and this proportion rises when people go home. SSIs result in delayed wound healing, increased hospital stays, increased use of antibiotics, unnecessary pain and, in extreme cases, the death of the patient, so their prevention is a key aim for health services.  

The authors present a model for a simple to use, low-cost lab-on-chip system for the detection, identification and quantification of periodontal bacteria.  

Table of antimicrobial drugs (bacteria, viruses, parasites, mycological) for exam of the Medical microbiology in Czech republic. PS: It's in Czech.  

Bacteria recovered from Oetzi the Iceman shed light on his health and also human history, scientists report.  

Topical mupirocin therapy, used to treat symptomatic chronic sinusitis (CRS), might lead to increased pathogenic bacteria, according to Arizona-based researchers.  

Standard antibiotic prophylaxis for pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) may miss important pathogens, according to U.S. and Italian researchers.  

Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) used to reduce stomach acid and treat acid reflux change the populations of microbes living in the intestines, which may help explain why they increase the risk of certain infections, according to a new study.  

Bacteria that resist the most common antibiotic of last resort - colistin - are discovered in the UK.  

Find strategies to minimize this emerging threat in the vulnerable population of solid organ transplant recipients.  

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Bacteria are now resistant to drugs of last resort meaning the world is on the cusp of a "post-antibiotic era", warn scientists.  

Hot tub folliculitis is an infection of the skin around the lower part of the hair shaft (hair follicles). It occurs when you come into contact with certain bacteria that live in warm and wet areas.  

Competition between different bacteria species in the gut is what keeps humans healthy, an Oxford University study suggests.