CranialNerves

Ptosis is the lagging of an eyelid. It has 2 distinct etiologies. Sympathetics going to the eye innervate Muller's muscle, a small muscle that elevates the eyelid. The III cranial nerve also innervates a much larger muscle that elevates the eye lid: the levator palpebrae. Thus, disruption of either will cause ptosis. The ptosis from a III nerve palsy is of greater severity than the ptosis due to a lesion of the sympathetic pathway, due to the size of the muscles innervated. As an aside, the parasympathetics run with the III cranial nerve and are usually affected with an abnormal III cranial nerve.  

Dr. Fabian explaining the cranial nerves  

A quick guide to the Facial Nerve . More detailed blurb below! If you'd like to contact us, email anatomyroom@gmail.com Welcome to our series of videos on he...  

A quick guide to the Accessory Nerve. More detailed blurb below! If you'd like to contact us, email anatomyroom@gmail.com Welcome to our series of videos on ...  

This is the first in a series of videos broadly detailing the location and function of the 12 cranial nerves. More detailed blurb below! If you'd like to con...  

A quick guide to . More detailed blurb below! If you'd like to contact us, email anatomyroom@gmail.com Welcome to our series of videos on head & neck anatomy...  

A quick guide to the trigemminal nerve . More detailed blurb below! If you'd like to contact us, email anatomyroom@gmail.com Welcome to our series of videos ...  

Here's a brilliant way to use numbers and a "Bow and Arrow" to remember the cranial nerves for the Pharyngeal Arches! www.BaroneRocks.com  

 

Orientation, Memor Asking questions about month, date, day of week and place tests orientation, which involves not only memory but also attention and language. Three-word recall tests recent memory for which the temporal lobe is important. Remote memory tasks such as naming Presidents, tests not only the temporal lobes but also heteromodal association cortices. Attention-working memory Digit span, spelling backwards and naming months of the year backward test attention and working memory which are frontal lobe functions Judgement-abstract reasoning These frontal lobe functions can be tested by using problem solving, verbal similarities and proverbs Set generation This is a test of verbal fluency and the ability to generate a set of items which are frontal lobe functions. Most individuals can give 10 or more words in a minute. Receptive language Asking the patient to follow commands demonstrates that they understand the meaning of what they have heard or read. It is important to test reception of both spoken and written language. Expressive language In assessing expressive language it is important to note fluency and correctness of content and grammar. This can be accomplished by tasks that require spontaneous speech and writing, naming objects, repetition of sentences, and reading comprehension. Praxis The patient is asked to perform skilled motor tasks without any nonverbal prompting. Skills tested for should involve the face then the limbs. In order to test for praxis the patient must have normal comprehension and intact voluntary movement. Apraxia is typically seen in lesions of the dominant inferior parietal lobe. Gnosis Gnosis is the ability to recognize objects perceived by the senses especially somatosensory sensation. Having the patient (with their eyes closed) identify objects placed in their hand (stereognosis) and numbers written on their hand (graphesthesia) tests parietal lobe sensory perception. Dominant parietal lobe function Tests for dominant inferior parietal lobe function includes right-left orientation, naming fingers, and calculations. Non-dominant parietal lobe function The non-dominant parietal lobe is important for visual spatial sensory tasks such as attending to the contralateral side of the body and space as well as constructional tasks such as drawing a face, clock or geometric figures. Visual recognition Recognition of colors and faces tests visual association cortex (inferior occiptotemporal area). Achromatopsia (inability to distinguish colors), visual agnosia (inability to name or point to a color) and prosopagnosia (inability to identify a familiar faces) result from lesions in this area.  

A quick guide to the Vagus nerve. More detailed blurb below! If you'd like to contact us, email anatomyroom@gmail.com Welcome to our series of videos on head...  

A quick guide to the Hypoglossal Nerve. More detailed blurb below! If you'd like to contact us, email anatomyroom@gmail.com Welcome to our series of videos o...  

A quick guide to Vestibulocochlear Nerve. More detailed blurb below! If you'd like to contact us, email anatomyroom@gmail.com Welcome to our series of videos...  

A quick guide to Glossopharyngeal Nerve. More detailed blurb below! If you'd like to contact us, email anatomyroom@gmail.com Welcome to our series of videos ...  

A quick guide to Cranial Nerve IV (Trochlear). More detailed blurb below! If you'd like to contact us, email anatomyroom@gmail.com Welcome to our series of v...  

A quick guide to . More detailed blurb below! If you'd like to contact us, email anatomyroom@gmail.com Welcome to our series of videos on head & neck anatomy...  

A quick guide to the cranial nerves passing through the skull. More detailed blurb below! If you'd like to contact us, email anatomyroom@gmail.com Welcome to...  

Find causes of Cranial Nerve Lesions and read about combined Cranial Nerve Lesions. patient.info Cranial Nerve Lesions page.  

A quick guide to Vestibulocochlear Nerve. More detailed blurb below! If you'd like to contact us, email anatomyroom@gmail.com Welcome to our series of videos...