Heartsounds

A lecture on the recognition and physiology of both normal and abnormal heart sounds with numerous audio examples. Covered sounds include S1, S2, S3, S4, cli...  

     Before trying to decipher what may be the underlying cause of a murmur, it is important to first understand what the normal heart sounds are, and what normal variations of these sounds may occur. It is assumed that you already understand the anatomy of the heart, and have read a basic physical examination textbook which describes the standard methods for auscultation.  

Circulatory System Functions of the Heart Blood flow Through the Heart Cardiac Muscle Cells Intrinsic Conduction System Cardiac impulse Excitation-Contraction Conduction Pathway Electrocardiogram Cardiac Cycle Heart Sounds Cardiac Output Factors Affecting Cardiac Output -- Preload -- --Contractility -----Afterload Regulation of the Heart Primary control factors of the heart Congestive Heart Failure